Severe allergic reactions

Severe allergic reactions, also known as anaphylaxis, are sudden and acute hypersensitivity responses to an allergen, leading to potentially life-threatening symptoms. The condition can be triggered by a variety of substances, including foods, medications, insect venom, and environmental allergens. Symptoms may include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or tongue, rapid or weak pulse, nausea, vomiting, or a sudden drop in blood pressure. In severe cases, anaphylaxis can be fatal if not promptly treated.
Treatment options for severe allergic reactions typically involve the administration of epinephrine, a potent bronchodilator and vasopressor, which helps to improve airway function and blood flow, respectively. Epinephrine is available in the form of auto-injectors (EpiPen, Auvi-Q), which are designed for easy self-administration during emergencies. In addition to epinephrine, antihistamines and corticosteroids may be prescribed to alleviate ongoing symptoms and prevent further complications.
Recognize the signs of a severe allergic reaction and to seek immediate medical attention if symptoms are suspected. Patients at high risk for anaphylaxis should consider carrying an epinephrine auto-injector and wearing a medical ID bracelet to alert healthcare professionals of their condition.