Urinary bladder cancer

Urinary bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the bladder, a hollow, balloon-shaped organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine produced by the kidneys. This cancer can occur in the lining (urothelial carcinoma) or the connective tissue (sarcoma) of the bladder. The most common symptoms include blood in the urine (hematuria), painful urination (dysuria), and frequent urination.
Treatment options for urinary bladder cancer depend on the stage and type of the cancer. Medications often prescribed include:

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin): This is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, used as an intravesical immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer to stimulate the immune system.
Chemotherapy: Medications such as cisplatin, carboplatin, gemcitabine, and docetaxel are used to treat advanced bladder cancer or after surgical removal of the tumor to prevent recurrence.
Immunotherapy: Drugs like pembrolizumab and atezolizumab can be used to treat advanced bladder cancer that has not responded to chemotherapy.
Targeted therapy: Medications such as erdafitinib and vismodegib are used to treat advanced bladder cancer with specific genetic mutations.

Consult a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for each individual case.