Leflunomide

Leflunomide is an immunosuppressive medication primarily used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which is essential for the synthesis of pyrimidines, a class of nucleotides required for DNA replication and cell division. By limiting the availability of pyrimidines, leflunomide can suppress the rapid proliferation of activated T-cells, a key feature of the immune response in rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness. Over time, the persistent inflammation can cause joint damage, deformity, and loss of function. Leflunomide, when used in combination with other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can help to slow down the progression of joint damage and improve the overall quality of life for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Leflunomide is available as an oral tablet and is typically prescribed at a dose of 10 to 20 mg per day. Leflunomide can cause significant drug interactions, particularly with cyclosporine and tacrolimus, which are used to prevent organ transplant rejection. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking to ensure safe and effective treatment.