Female infertility

Female infertility refers to the inability to conceive a pregnancy or carry it to full term due to medical issues that affect one or both partners. Various factors, such as age, reproductive history, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions, can contribute to fertility issues. Some of the most common types of female infertility include issues with ovulation, fallopian tube function, cervical health, uterine health, and endometriosis.
Major treatment categories:

Medications: Hormonal therapy to stimulate or regulate ovulation is the primary approach for treatment. Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene), letrozole (Femara), and human menopausal gonadotropins (Menopur, Repronex) are examples of fertility medications often prescribed for ovulation-related issues.
Ovarian Stimulation: Ovarian stimulation involves administering gonadotropins, or fertility medications, to enhance ovulation and follicle development. These medications stimulate the production of multiple eggs and allow for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI). Examples include gonadotropins, like FSH (Gonal-f, Puregon) and hCG (Ovidrel, Pregnyl).
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): This technique involves placing sperm inside the uterus close to ovulation time to increase the chance of fertilization. IUI can be done without medication or combined with fertility drugs. It is primarily used for males with low sperm counts or females with cervical abnormalities.
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): In some cases, fertility treatments like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), ZIFT, and GIFT may be needed. These treatments involve retrieving eggs from the woman, fertilizing them in a lab with sperm, and placing the fertilized eggs into the woman’s uterus or fallopian tubes to be implanted.
Laparoscopic surgery: When endometriosis or pelvic adhesions are suspected to cause infertility, laparoscopic surgery may be recommended. It involves a minor incision and a specialized camera to access the abdomen, remove endometrial implants, and divide scar tissue for improved reproductive function.